KEY FORMULAS...
Let's begin with memorizing formulas & understanding concepts....
Let's begin with memorizing formulas & understanding concepts....
| Distance | Displacement | Change in Displacement | Velocity | Average Velocity | Final Velocity | (Vf)^2 | Acceleration |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Velocity * Time | Change in position = Final position - initial position | ΔX = 0.5 (Inital Velocity (Vi) + Final Velocity (vf)) * Δt OR ΔX = Initial Velocity (vi) + 0.5 * Accleration * Change in time (Δt) |
Change in position (Displacement)(ΔX) / Change in time (Δt) | (vi + vf)/2 | Vf = Initial velocity (vi) + Acceleration (a) * Δt | (Final velocity)^2 = (vi)^2 + 2 * Acceleration * Displacement | Rate of Change of Velocity w.r.t. time = ΔV / Δt |
| Perpendicular (⊥) Vector-Add (Pythagorean Theorm) | Sine, Cos, Tan (Right⊿) | Theta (θ) | Vx | Vy | Non-⊥ Vector-Add: ΔX | Non-⊥ Vector-Add: ΔY | Non-⊥ Vector-Add: Vertical Motion Falling from Rest | Non-⊥ Vector-Add: Horizontal Motion | Non-⊥ Vector-Add: Launching at an Angle |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C^2 = a^2 + b^2 | Sinθ = Opp/Hyp Cosθ = Adj/Hyp Tanθ = Opp/Adj |
θ = Inverse value of Sin, Cos OR Tan | V*Cosθ | V*Sinθ | ΔX = Σd*Cosθ.... | ΔY = Σd*Sinθ.... | Δy = 0.5 ay *(Δt)^2 ay = -g = -9.81 m/s^2 |
Δx = Vx * (Δt) | (vi sinθ)*(Δt) + 0.5 ay * (Δt)^2 |
| Newton's 1st Law of Motion | Newton's 2nd Law of Motion | Newton's 3rd Law of Motion | Weight | Coefficient of Static Friction (μS) | Coefficient of Kinetic Friction (μK) | Force of Friction |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| "An object at rest or an object in motion remains in same condition (constant velocity) unless acted upon by an external force..." | ΣF = m * a | "Every action has an equal & opposite reaction (magnitude of forces is same, but direction is opposite)..." | Fg = m* ag ag = g |
Fsmax / Fn | Fk/ Fn | μFn |
| Centripetal Accleration | Centripetal Force | Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation | Kepler's law 1 | Kepler's law 2 | Kepler's law 3 | Period of an Object in Circular orbit | Speed of an Object in Circular orbit | Torque | Mechnaical Advantage | Efficiency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ac = (vt^2/ r) | Fc = m * (vt^2 / r) | Fg = G * [(m1*m2)/(r^2)] | "Every planet travels in an ellptical orbit around the sun; the sun is at one of the focal points of the ellipse" | " An imaginary line drawn from the sun to any planet sweeps out equal areas in equal time intervals" | "Square of orbital period ∝ Cube of average distance btw the planet & the sun" (T^2) ∝ (r^3) |
T = 2π * (√(r^3/G*m) ) |
Vt = (√G*(m/r)) | T = Fd sin θ | MA = F (out) / F(in) = d(in) / d(out) | eff = W (out) / W (in) |
| Net Work | Kinetic Energy (KE) | Work-KE Theorm | Gravitational Potential Energy | Elastic Potential Energy | Total Mechanical Energy (ME) | Conservation of ME | Power |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wnet = Fnet*d*cosθ | KE = 0.5 mv^2 | Wnet = ΔKE | PEg = mgh | PE (elastic) = 0.5 Kx^2 | ME = KE + PE | ME (initial) = ME (Final) | P = Work / Δt OR P = F * (d/t) OR F * V OR P = mg * (d/t) |
| Temperature Conversions | 1st Law of Thermodynamics | Work done by a Gas at Constant Pressure | Specific Heat Capacity | Calorimetry | Latent Heat Capacity | Conservation of Energy | 2nd Law of Thermodynamics |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T(F) = 9/5(TC + 32) T(C) = 5/9(TF - 32) T(K)= TC + 273.15 |
Change in Internal Energy (ΔU) = Energy transferred to/from system as HEAT (Q) - Energy transferred to/from system as WORK (W) | W = P*A*d W = P*ΔV NOTE: "When work done BY the gas (W) = NEGATIVE, then POSITIVE work is done ON the gas!!" |
Cp = Energy transferred as heat (Q) / mass (m) * Change in temperature(Δt) | Energy absorbed by water (Qw) = - Qx (Energy released by a substance) | Q = m*L | ΔPE + ΔKE + ΔU = 0 | "No cyclic process that converts heat entirely to work is possible..." Eff of heat engine = Wnet /Energy added as heat (Qh) OR 1 - [Energy removed as heat (Qc)/ Energy added as heat (Qh)] |
| Speed of Electromagnetic Waves | Law of Reflection | Mirror Equation (curved) | Mirror Magnification (M) (curved) | Signs of Convention : Mirror Magnification (curved) | Index of Refraction | Snell's Law | Thin-Lens Equation | Thin-Lens Magnification (M) | Critical Angle | Constructive Interference | Destructive Interference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| c = f * λ | ∠Incidence (θ) = ∠Reflection (θ') | 1/p (obj distance) + 1/q (img distance) = 1/f (focal length) | hi/ho = - (di/do) OR - (q/p) | M = +ve if img upright & virtual M = -ve if img inverted & real |
n = c/v | (ni * θi) = (nr * θr) | 1/p + 1/q = 1/f p = +ve for real obj in front of lens p = -ve for virtual obj back of lens q = +ve = real img in back of lens q = -ve for virtual img in front of lens f = +ve for converging lens f = -ve for diverging lens |
hi/ho = - di/do OR -q/p ni > nr ni = index of refraction of 1st medium nr = index of refraction of 2nd medium |
sinθ(c) = nr/ni (ni > nr) | dsinθ = ± m * λ | dsinθ = ± (m + 0.5 )λ |
| Electric Current | Electric Charge | Coulomb's Law | Electric Field strength | Electric Potential Energy (PE) | Potential Difference (Uniform Electric Field) | Potential Difference (Point at Infinity) | Ohm's Law | Electrical Resistance | Capacitance (with Dielectric) | Capacitance (with Vaccum) | Electrical PE stored in a capacitor (with Vaccum) | Electrical Power | Resistors (Series) | Resistors (Parallel) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I = Charge (Q)/ time (t) (seconds) OR Voltage (V)/ Resistance (R) |
Q = Current (I)/ time (t) (seconds) | F(electric) = Kc * (q1 * q2)/ r^2 | E = Kc *(q/r^2) | PE (electric) = -qEd | ΔV = ΔPE electric/ q OR ΔV = -Ed |
ΔV = Kc * (q/r) | R = ΔV/I = CONSTANT | R = ΔV/I | C = Q/ΔV | C = (ε0) * (A/d) | PE (electric) = 0.5 Q * ΔV OR Q^2/ 2C |
P = I * ΔV OR P = I^2 R OR P = (ΔV)^2/ R |
Req = R1 + R2 + R3.... I(total) = V/REq Current = same |
Req = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3... I(total) = V/REq PD = same |